(U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Allen Pollard/Released), A photo of what used to be the 851st Strategic Missile Squadron, Titan 1 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Complex 4C missile silo at Chico, Calif., May 23, 2013. An explosion that lit up the night sky like daylight destroyed an underground Titan II missile silo here early today, killing one airman, injuring at least 21 . United States Air Force, The T.O. Toward the end of the project, it had dropped well below that of comparable CEBMCO projects. (acq. The plan was to load the missile with propellant, raise it up to firing position, and then lower it back into the silo. I served at site 5B til it was deactivated. Wow, I never realized how huge the Titan bases are!
The Titan Missile (U.S. National Park Service) I absolutely love this place. Simpson, Col. Charlie, LOX and RP-1 Fire Waiting to Happen, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 14, Number 3 2006, p. 1. The pad was not used again for six months. I was thinking it was really weird then my girlfriend looked up the area where we were and sure enough we were on top of an old missile. The Martin Marietta SM-68A/HGM-25A Titan I was the United States' first multistage intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), in use from 1959 until 1962. From 1962-1965, the 577th Strategic Missile Squadron was based at Altus Air Force Base in Altus, Oklahoma. Powell was working on a Titan II missile fitted with a thermonuclear warhead, tucked away underground in Damascus, Arkansas. They're giant concrete stacks sticking out of the ground less than 100 feet from the access portal. By August 1961, one site had pumps removing 175,000 gallons a day. He could really make some money from that place. I wonder if its for sale. But that's a dream. Latitude: 46 54.9973333333333 Chuck Hill again. The 851st SMS was activated on April 1, 1961. Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1, March 1998, p. 7. This silo was once filled with many levels of equipment to service, fuel and guide the missile. At that time, the disposition of the 101 total production missiles was as follows:[citation needed], (three at VAFB, one at each of five bases, one at Lowry, and 20 in storage at SBAMA elsewhere), The 83 surplus missiles remained in inventory at Mira Loma AFS. AGO 1962 No. You've been inside a Titan II silo? The Cold War-era facility costs just a little more than the average American home. Brendan Smialowski/ Getty In 1961, President John F. Kennedy sent out a letter to American citizens warning them about the threat of nuclear war. Aerojet produced the excellent LR87-AJ-3 (booster) and LR91-AJ-3 (sustainer).
HGM-25A Titan I - Wikipedia from Wendy Sells. [55] Both antenna terminals and all three launchers were isolated with double door blast locks the doors of which could not be open at the same time. Colonel George W.1962 Lowry Area History 29 September 1958 December 1961, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office (CEBMCO), 1962, pg. There is ZERO ambient light in here so its a. In September 1955, The Martin Company was declared the contractor for the Titan missile. Didn't go very far to find it was blocked by sand and dirt. Very Private.
Zillow Gone Wild: Could $380,000 Kansas Missile Silo Be Your Next It would be bought, sold & renovated. Sheehan, Neil 2009, A Fiery Peace in a Cold War Bernard Schriever and the Ultimate Weapon, New York: Vintage Books, 2009, pp. In early October the Air Force's Western Development Division was ordered to start work. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, Pg 1-52, United States Air Force, The T.O. (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Allen Pollard/Released), A photo of what used to be the 851st Strategic Missile Squadron, Titan 1 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Complex 4C tunnels at Chico, Calif., May 23, 2013.
Missile Bases, Communication Bunkers, & Underground Properties 1 only) former Spaceport USA Rocket Garden, Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The man got all huffy at me, and I deleted his post and banned him. The other is the main silo where the missile and fuel was held. I saw a 9 news article that says 30 people have been arrested there in one month in 2016. Each squadron was deployed in a 3x3 configuration, which meant each squadron controlled a total of nine missiles divided among three launch sites, with the six operational units spread across the western United States in five states: Colorado (with two squadrons, both east of Denver), Idaho, California, Washington, and South Dakota. That Sept 9th youtube.com search for deathwearsbunnyslippers. [37] Less than a year later the Air Force considered deploying the Titan I with an all-inertial guidance system but that change never occurred. Would really appreciate it. THEY WILL TICKET YOU AND YOU WILL GO TO COURT! "For some reason, I always wanted to own a nuclear silo," he says. [31][32], Although most of the Titan I's teething problems were worked out by 1961, the missile was already eclipsed not only by the Atlas, but by its own design successor, the Titan II, a bigger, more powerful ICBM with storable hypergolic propellants. Also, people have been visiting it for decadesuntil now.Yeah, you'd probably have to recruit a friend to do a night drop-off and coordinate the pick-up. The Titan Missile Silo is a difficult place to photograph, not only because of the pitch darkness, but also the dust particles floating through the air tend to catch the light and interfere with focus. If I ever get a lot of money a lot more then what this is worth. Vertical (damaged by winds 7/94? The Titan I sites were under the command of six different strategic missile squadrons (568 th, 569 th, 724 th, 725 th, 850 th, and 851 st) and constructed in Air Force bases throughout California, Colorado, Idaho, South Dakota, and Washington. A 6,900-square-foot missile silo in Abilene, Kansas . silly. Vert. [36] From that point the AN/GRW-5 guidance radar tracked a transmitter on the missile. Missille Silos. I hope you all enjoyed my journey into the belly of the Titan. One site in Washington state had a giant hole cut in the power dome to remove the generators by crane; in the late 90's or early 2000's, a teenager died when he decided to rappel into that dome and somehow fell from his rope. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-173. Ground crews quickly repaired the umbilical, and a second launch attempt was made two days later. Stumpf, David K., Titan II, p 276, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000, Stumpf, David K., Titan II, p 277, The University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 2000.
+12 Washington State Missile Silos For Sale References Unfortunately, a broken hydraulic line caused the Titan's engines to gimbal hard left almost as soon as the tower was cleared. The Titan performed well through the first stage burn, but after second stage separation, the fuel valve to the gas generator failed to open, preventing engine start. If you do this quietly during nighttime and don't use flashlights you have little risk of being caught. Weapon System 107A-2 was a weapon system. Going once . I went with 4 buddies of mine an explored it during the first week of June, 2018. That must have been such interesting work! 6/93 from MCDD) Vertical (st 1 mate to SM-92 st 1), SM-101 61-4528 Estrella Warbirds Museum, Paso Robles, CA (2nd stage damaged) Horizontal, SM-?? [18], A total of 62 flight test missiles were constructed in various numbers. The local news ran a story about how he was blocking all of the available openings to prevent folks from entering the complex. [69][70], The final launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) occurred on 5 March 1965. Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 95. I went late in the summer of 2015 and there really weren't any "no trespassing" signs, the road was clear, and my group was perfectly fine. Stationed with the 390th Strategic Missile Wing in Tucson, Arizona between 1980 and 1984, she was responsible . Frig I could never have done this alone! Titan 1 Missile display at the South Dakota Air and Space Museum. Glad you could make it! Priority was restored, and 1958 saw increases in funding and plans for additional Titan squadrons. That must have been amazing! [42] In case of the failure of the guidance system at one site, the guidance system at another site could be used to guide the missiles of the site with the failure. I'll have to visit again sometime. Do you know if it is still possible to get under? Hey Nick Adamescu! Hoselton, Gary A., Titan I Guidance System, Brekenridge, Colorado: Association of Air Force Missileers, Volume 6, Number 1998, p. 6. Great pictures and fantastic post. If you would like specifics on good places to park and how to get from good parking areas to the silo, please email me at missilesilostoose@gmail.com. $1.5 million. That sounds fascinating!
Buy your own Titan I missile silo for $1.5M | Local News - KXLY (U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Allen Pollard/Released), An official website of the United States government, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. I didn't explore to this depth and wish I had, but I can explore vicariously :). I would love to buy it so my family can experience a real winter, spring or summer. When the storable-fueled Titan II and the solid-fueled Minuteman I were deployed in 1963, the Titan I and Atlas missiles became obsolete. Although Titan I's two stages gave it true intercontinental range and foreshadowed future multistage rockets, its propellants were dangerous and hard to handle. [54] This seems exaggerated at best.Thanks!lucas@loglo.studio. 2500 sqft. This one-of-a kind museum gives visitors a rare look at the technology used by the United States to deter nuclear war. Thanks for letting me live vicariously through you, as I will NEVER experience this particular tour! The second attempt at a Lot C Titan failed at T+52 seconds when the guidance compartment collapsed, causing the RVX-3 reentry vehicle to separate. [2] The Titan was developed in parallel with the Atlas (SM-65/HGM-16) ICBM, serving as a backup with potentially greater capabilities and an incentive for the Atlas contractor to work harder. If you have a chance can you email me the coordinates at davisreynolds1234@gmail.com.
Missile site up for sale | The Spokesman-Review Honestly, I think if it would've started lower, I don't know if it would've brought as much as it did, and that's kind of where we were at.
Walker,Chuck, Atlas The Ultimate Weapon, Burlington Canada: Apogee Books, 2005, Widnal Perair S., Lecture L14 - Variable Mass Systems The: Rocket Equation, 2008, MIT OpenCourseWar. [34], Produced by the Glenn L. Martin Company (which became "The Martin Company" in 1957), Titan I was a two-stage, liquid-fueled ballistic missile with an effective range of 6,101 nautical miles (11,300km). Image; Image. Before each launch, the guidance radar, which was periodically calibrated by acquiring a special target at a precisely known range and bearing,[66] had to acquire a radio on the missile (missile guidance set AN/DRW-18, AN/DRW-19, AN/DRW-20, AN/DRW-21, or AN/DRW-22). It's hard to imagine the silo wasn't always covered by bars. I(WENDY SELLS)was wondering if you ever got any pictures of the Ghosts because I sure would like to know very much. . Last appraised 2020 for $420,000 W/ out bunker or greenhouse. Behind 1960's chain link sits rubble and ponds of water but beneath the ground lays history. [8] In response, the Teapot Committee was tasked with evaluating requirements for ballistic missiles and methods of accelerating their development. Though the SM-68A was operational for only three years, it was an important step in building the Air Force's strategic nuclear forces. During the first minute or two of the flight a pitch programmer put the missile on the correct path. Titan Looking up at the silo doors. The complexity of the system combined with its relatively slow reaction time fifteen minutes to load, followed by the time required to raise and launch the first missile. Of the 18 silos commissioned, nine were in . There wasn't a whole lot to see after salvage, but it was eerie to swim through an industrial complex and see all of the warning signs and eyewash stations a hundred feet under water.I would love to find some more to explore! Madison, Wisconsin. By 1:10 p.m. 53 were dead. SPOKANE Back in 1961 the U.S. Air Force, without any attempt at secrecy or stealth, hauled nine long-range ballistic missiles by truck . On 5 February, LC-16 returned to action by hosting Missile C-4. May 19, 1883 . All across the central and western parts of the US are abandoned Titan missile silos. What state has the most nuclear silos? Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 17. The squadron was deactivated 2 months later on March 25th. Even brought out a couple of Ambulances to check us out, but we didn't get a bill for these either. Nine Titan I silos split between three sites (3 x 3) at Odessa, Warden, and Quincy would be built along with support facilities at Larson AFB. Great post! It does not surprise me that the ventilation system was not marked on the diagram. Thanks, Jake! In order to complete each facility, 32,000 cubic yards of concrete, 300 tons of piping, 90 miles of cables and 1,800 separate supply items were needed per complex. I do wonder if any of the other sites have a way in, worst case repeal in through the ventilation shaftunlikely the blast doors for the ventilation are closedmost were missing in the DearTrail complex. Have you published it yet? 2 tank dives going on now for $199.95. Titan Missile Silo. In storage, SM-86 61-4513 Beale AFB (not on display, was horizontal, removed 1994) Horizontal, SM-89 61-4516 (st. 2) Pima Air Museum, outside DM AFB, Tucson, Arizona, now WPAFB Horizontal, SM-92 61-4519 (st. 1) Kansas Cosmosphere, Hutchinson, Kansas. Prices range from $133K ("Underground structures flooded") to a 210-acre Titan-F site for $1.45M. Beale was once home to the 851st Strategic Missile Squadron and had three missile silo complexes, 851-A in Lincoln, 851-B in Sutter Buttes and 851-C in Chico, from Feb. 1, 1961-March 25, 1965. The bids were on fire, quickly jumping from the starting price of $100,000. Going once, going twice, sold, it's not often you hear about an auction that includes a bit of missile history. Very interesting. . Watching a couple of videos. Dives. Latitude: 4654'59.84"N The piece of plumbing responsible for the missile failure was retrievedit had popped out of its sleeve resulting in loss of first stage hydraulic pressure. The silo itself is divided into 2 separate silos. It was still very awesome when I was there, but abandoned places are always more interesting when artifacts are still lying around. Looking straight across the silo. You may have noticed the giant tank sitting aboveground: that used to be where the "entrance pit" is, decades ago. [49] There were 59 XSM-68 Titan Is manufactured I in 7 developmental lots. Of the eight bid packages, the lowest submitted ($31.6 million) had been assembled by a joint venture of contractors composed of MacDonald Construction Company, The Scott Company, Paul Hardeman Company, G.H. Nice writeup, I haven't been to the Deer Trail site in years! There are a few areas you can enter the silo from but the safest is the spot where you walk down into an excavated area and don't have to do any climbing. A cut and fill method was used to install the missile silos and launcher control facilities.
Titan I - Encyclopedia Astronautica 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, page 3-100. [58] During normal duty hours there was a site commander, site maintenance officer, site chief, job controller/expediter, tool crib operator, power house chief, three pad chiefs, three assistant pad chiefs, another cook and more air police. I have been many times and know it by heart. The chosen method was the Service and Salvage contract, which required the contractor to remove the equipment the government wanted before proceeding with scrapping. The location of the Intake and exhaust stacks are fairly well know. It's so awesome. 1 only) Science Museum, Bayamon, Puerto Rico (top half from Bell's Junkyard) Vert. George P. Sutton wrote "Aerojet's most successful set of large LPRE was that for the booster and sustainer stages of the versions of the Titan vehicle". 3 Dead in Crash of Navy Jet (11 March, 2013) .
Nuclear Missile Silos Hidden Across Arizona Desert - OnlyInYourState The water in the fuel terminal is only a few feet deep, not that you'd want to fall in it. . Horizontal, SM-79 61-4506 former Oklahoma State Fair Grounds, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1962, p. 31. A photo of what used to be the 851st Strategic Missile Squadron, Titan 1 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Complex 4C tunnels at Chico, Calif., May 23, 2013. Below is a drawing of the Titan 1 Missile Silo. I believe it has been completely closed at this point. As the old saying goes, you've got more guts than a government mule! Below are 13 of my favorite abandoned places across the state. It would be a shame to lose the fruits of his labor. The owner claims that he will seal it off for good From my understanding it's been sealed off for good and can no longer be accessed.
A Dive Into the Past: Washington's Titan Missile Silo Now you can own one of the rarest nuclear hardened underground structures in the world! Nine Titan I silos split between three sites (3 x 3) at Odessa, Warden, and Quincy would be built along with support facilities at Larson AFB. I noticed what appeared to be an old asphalt road and some concrete areas. The Titan Is remained on alert for just over 2 years. Regardless, the Air Force never filled in any of the Titan I sites like they were supposed to: they simply salvaged any equipment they wanted to keep, and walked away. Fred Epler sounds like an amazing person whom I wish I'd known. [3] Martin was selected as the contractor due to its proposed organization[4] and method of igniting a liquid fueled engine at high altitude.[5]. Searched found a website. Discover this 5.1-mile loop trail near Deer Park, Washington. Local News Northwest.
Titan Missile Complex Up for Sale - Slashdot The guidance system and stage separation all performed well, and aerodynamic drag was lower than anticipated. United States. I have heard from a few different people that there is a really cool homeowner nearby with a huge American flag. As I said before the entrance is nearly barred off but people have come and dug underneath the bars. Though the SM-68A was operational for only three years, it spawned numerous follow-on models that were a part of the U.S. arsenal and space launch capability. Photos (54) Directions. Improve Titan Missile Silo. I was amazed at how long the tunnels were. I have always been a fan of exploring abandoned cave mines and buildings, and think this would be a good one. The blast and thermal effects within a dozen miles or so of each of these silo's will be deadly, and the fallout radiation will . It truly was one of the most interesting places I've explored so far. [24] The missile pitched over and flew onto a near-horizontal plane when Range Safety sent the destruct command at T+11 seconds. GPS: Has someone held onto the documents since his passing? ), SM-63 60-3708 In storage at Edwards AFB (still there?) 30th LRS air terminal: a small shop with large responsibilities - Santa Maria Times (subscription), U.S. Senate OKs amendment requiring annual missile defense tests - Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, US missile site in Ravenna to get first public airing - Akron Beacon Journal, Pentagon Launches Test Missile from Vandenberg - NBC 7 San Diego, Law Enforcement Torch Run crosses VAFB - Santa Maria Times (subscription), Iridium's SpaceX launch slowed by Vandenberg bottleneck - SpaceNews, US Air Force test-launches Minuteman missile from Vandenberg Air Force Base - LA Daily News, Missile-Defense Interceptor Flies From Vandenberg Air Force Base - Noozhawk, Seven detained at Vandenberg missile protest - Santa Maria Sun, L-3 Wins Consolidated Air Force Satellite Control Network Contract - Signal Magazine, Final Titan Rocket Launch Ends an Era (10/20/2005), Peacekeeper nuclear missile officially deactivated (9/20/2005), Blue Origin rocket plans detailed (6/13/2005). Send me a message on Google+, Instagram, or Facebook. Here are some great pictures of 568-A https://www.airforcebase.net/trips/titan/titan.html scroll down to(Larson Air Force Missile Site #1 (568-A) WA) Finding this website was a surprise because i was totally obsessed with titan 1 and 2s for years and thought i had seen everything out on the net. Go. We have nothing like this in Europe.Word of advice : Please use a good P3 filter mask next time (asbestos fibers) and bring a geiger counter which is also useful for visiting abandoned hospitals which can have old (low) radio-active devices/waste there. Wondering if it would be safe to go at night. [10], The Titan I represented an evolution of technology when compared to the Atlas missile program, but shared many of the Atlas' problems. We spent so much time and money on these silos and they were only operational for 3 to 5 years in the early 60s. Royal City, Washington. I wish I could have seen the place when it was in better shape. If you'd like more info on how to get there, shoot me an email at missilesilostoose@gmail.com, One of the silos outside of Bennett is for sale and from the pictures, seems to be in really good shape and have electricity: https://www.loopnet.com/Listing/41811-E-County-Road-30-Bennett-CO/7974879/. Vertical, SM-?? That's in a future where I'm super rich. 21M-HGM25A-1-1, Technical Manual, Operation and Organizational Maintenance USAF Model HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 04:22.
The Missile Base - Home I wish I knew of another site like this that was open to explore. Development cost: $1,643,300,000 in 1960 dollars.
I'll write you back with coordinates, advice and other info that might be of use. [46], The warhead of the Titan I was an AVCO Mk 4 re-entry vehicle containing a W38 thermonuclear bomb with a yield of 3.75 megatons which was fuzed for either air burst or contact burst.
Nuclear missile complex for sale on Zillow, asking price $395,000 The flight ended in failure when an improper disconnect of a pad umbilical caused an electrical short in the second stage. Is it still possible to explore this site? Unfortunately, the silo elevator collapsed, causing the Titan to fall back down and explode. [38] (The Atlas series was intended to be the first generation of American ICBMs and Titan II (as opposed to Titan I) was to be the second generation deployed). [20][30], With attention shifting to the Titan II, there were only six Titan I flights during 1962, with one failure, when Missile SM-4 (21 January) experienced an electrical short in the second stage hydraulic actuator, which gimbaled hard left at T+98 seconds. Answer (1 of 19): Used to be in the middle of the countrywhere they were safer from sneak attacks. On November 18, 1959, the Walla Walla District opened bid packages. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, paragraph 1-159 - 6-1 - 6-4. [79], Titan-I ICBM SM vehicles being destroyed at Mira Loma AFS for the SALT-1 Treaty, Of the 33 Titan I Strategic Missiles and two (plus five possible) Research and Development Missiles that were not launched, destroyed, or scrapped, several survive today:[citation needed]. Titan missile base for sale (Google Maps). Having spoken with quite a few retired missile site personnel, most of them were well aware that they'd probably be vaporized in the event of a nuclear war, despite the military continually trying to sell the "surviving underground" thing. [22] The missile pitched down and the first stage LOX tank ruptured from aerodynamic loads, blowing the stage to pieces. It had guided over 400 missiles. [74] This accounts for the varied degree of salvage at the sites today. I wish more of these old complexes were open to explore. Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 3. Clemmer, Wilbur E..1966, Phase-Out of the Atlas E and F and Titan I Weapon Systems, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Historical Research Division Air Force Logistics Command, 1966, p. 22-23. On Aug. 9, 1965, 55 civilian men returned from lunch to missile silo 373-4.
9 missile silos near Spokane held nuclear bombs | HeraldNet.com They were retired from service as ICBMs in early 1965. They're concrete reinforced with ridiculously thick rebar, with steel plating on the underside. The added stress of this operation apparently resulted in a failure of either the gas generator or turbopump, as the vernier solo phase ended prematurely. Guidance Changes Made on Atlas, Titan, Aviation Week 28 July 1958, page 22, Titan Guidance Switch, Aviation Week 6 April 195, page 31, United States Air Force, The T.O. Former Titan I missile site sells for $119,000. First, the missiles took about 15 minutes to fuel, and then, one at a time, had to be lifted to the surface on elevators for launching and guidance, which slowed their reaction time. Two decades ago, Nik Stroiney toured the Titan Missile Museum in Arizona. Can anyone please give me coordinates to the entrance? The sites were salvaged by the Air Force after they were decommissioned, although some salvage companies did a more graceful job than others. Green, Warren E., The Development of the SM-68 Titan, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base: Air Force Systems Command, 1962, AFSC Historical Publications Series 62-23-1, p. 23. Above ground level, this 4,500 square-foot luxury house, located about 140 miles west of Dallas, has three bedrooms, four-and-a-half bathrooms, commercial-grade kitchen appliances, endless prairie and lake views, and even a private golf putting green. Examination of other Titan missiles found more defective hydraulic lines, and the Missile J-2 debacle caused a wholesale review of manufacturing processes and improved parts testing. It was so scary and exhilarating to stand at the edge of that huge drop. 21M-HGM25A-1-1 Technical Manual Operation and Organizational Maintenance HGM-25A Missile Weapon System, United States Air Force, 1964, Pg 1-9, United States Air Force, The T.O. This is a collection of the Titan I missile silo locations outside of Denver, CO. (full missile) Spacetec CCAFS Horizontal, Green, Warren E., The Development of The SM-68 Titan, Historical Office Deputy Commander for Aerospace Systems, Air Force Systems Command, 1962, Lonnquest, John C and Winkler, David F., To Defend and Deter: the Legacy of the Cold War Missile program, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, Champaign, IL Defense Publishing Service, Rock Island, IL,1996, Mc Murran, Marshall W, Achieving Accuracy a Legacy of Computers and Missiles, Xlibris Corporation, 2008, Rosenberg, Max, The Air Force and The National Guided Missile Program 1944-1949, USAF Historical Division Liaison Office, Ann Arbor, 1964.
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